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    "slug": "ou-se-gagne-l-argent-dans-l-energie-industrielle",
    "title": "Où se gagne l’argent dans l’énergie industrielle",
    "publishedOn": "2026-09-29",
    "lastReviewedOn": "2026-09-29",
    "factChecked": true
  },
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    {
      "ref": "S1",
      "publisher": "Commission de régulation de l’énergie (CRE)",
      "title": "Délibération n°2025-78 du 13 mars 2025, TURPE 7 HTA-BT",
      "url": "https://cre.fr/fileadmin/Documents/Deliberations/2025/250313_2025-78_Post-CSE_TURPE_7_HTA-BT.pdf",
      "publishedOn": "2025-03-13",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "supports": "La CRE définit la rémunération d’Enedis sur la base d’une méthode à structure normative qui assure une rémunération raisonnable des capitaux investis. ... Enedis prévoit un programme d’investissements en forte croissance, avec un total de 25 573 M€ entre 2025 et 2028",
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    {
      "ref": "S2",
      "publisher": "RTE (Réseau de Transport d'Électricité)",
      "title": "Bilan électrique 2024, fiche Consommation",
      "url": "https://assets.rte-france.com/analyse-et-donnees/2025-02/BE2024%20-%20Fiche%20Consommation_0.pdf",
      "publishedOn": "2025-02-10",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "supports": "En 2024, la consommation agrégée des grandes industries et consommateurs tertiaires raccordés au réseau à haute et très haute tension de RTE a cru de +2,4 % par rapport à l’année 2023 ... -12,7 % par rapport à la moyenne de la période 2014-2019",
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      "ref": "S3",
      "publisher": "Électricité de France",
      "title": "Lafarge France et EDF signent un accord pour un approvisionnement long terme en électricité bas carbone",
      "url": "https://edf.fr/groupe-edf/espaces-dedies/journalistes/tous-les-communiques-de-presse/lafarge-france-et-edf-signent-un-accord-pour-un-approvisionnement-long-terme-en-electricite-bas-carbone",
      "publishedOn": "2025-09-03",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "supports": "Le contrat consiste à allouer à Lafarge France une quote-part de la puissance du parc nucléaire en exploitation d’EDF sur plus de 10 ans, moyennant un partage des coûts et des risques sur les volumes effectivement produits par ce parc.",
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        "statusCode": 200
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    {
      "ref": "S4",
      "publisher": "Schneider Electric",
      "title": "2025 Half Year Financial Results",
      "url": "https://se.com/ww/en/assets/564/document/522132/release-hy-results-2025.pdf",
      "publishedOn": "2025-07-31",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "supports": "Record H1 Group revenues of €19.3 billion, up +8% organic ... H1 Adj. EBITA €3.5 billion, up +7% organic ... Adj. EBITA Margin at 18.2%, reflecting FX headwinds and seasonality",
      "identity": {
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      "ref": "S5",
      "publisher": "Nexans",
      "title": "H1 2025 earnings press release",
      "url": "https://nexans.com/regulated-informations/h1-2025-earnings-press-release",
      "publishedOn": "2025-07-30",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "supports": "H1 2025 standard sales of €3.8 billion (current sales of €4.7 billion), up +4.9% organically ... Record adjusted EBITDA of €441 million, up +7.0% year-on-year, adjusted EBITDA margin at 11.7% of standard sales",
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        "probedOn": "2026-11-04",
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    {
      "ref": "S6",
      "publisher": "Air Liquide S.A.",
      "title": "Leveraging performance and growth engines, Air Liquide remains on track in the 1st half of 2025",
      "url": "https://airliquide.com/sites/airliquide.com/files/2025-07/air-liquide-pr-h1-leveraging-performance-and-growth-engines-air-liquide-remains-on-track-in-the-1st-half-of-2025.pdf",
      "publishedOn": "2025-07-29",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "supports": "Group Revenue 13,722 ... Operating Income Recurring (OIR) 2,737 ... Group OIR Margin 19.9% ... Gas & Services OIR Margin 22.0%",
      "identity": {
        "legalName": "L'Air Liquide S.A.",
        "jurisdiction": "FR",
        "register": null,
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      "ref": "S7",
      "publisher": "Veolia",
      "title": "H1 2025 results presentation",
      "url": "https://finance.veolia.com/sites/g/files/dvc4206/files/document/2025/07/Finance_Veolia_Presentation_hf_results_2025.pdf",
      "publishedOn": "2025-07-31",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "supports": "Revenue of €22,048M, up +3.8% ... EBITDA: €3,367M, up +5.5% ... 15.3% EBITDA margin",
      "identity": null,
      "reachability": {
        "verdict": "live",
        "probedOn": "2026-11-04",
        "statusCode": 206
      },
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    {
      "ref": "S8",
      "publisher": "European Commission",
      "title": "Winners of first EU-wide renewable hydrogen auction sign grant agreements",
      "url": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/news-other-reads/news/winners-first-eu-wide-renewable-hydrogen-auction-sign-grant-agreements-paving-way-new-european-2024-10-07_en",
      "publishedOn": "2024-10-07",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "supports": "The Innovation Fund will support these projects with a fixed premium payment per kilogram of certified and verified renewable hydrogen produced. ... no payments will be made before projects start production. ... The total amount of support comes to EUR 694 521 237 and will be disbursed over a timespan of ten years.",
      "identity": {
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        "jurisdiction": "EU",
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    {
      "ref": "S9",
      "publisher": "International Energy Agency",
      "title": "Global Supply Chains of EV Batteries",
      "url": "https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/961cfc6c-6a8c-42bb-a3ef-57f3657b7aca/GlobalSupplyChainsofEVBatteries.pdf",
      "publishedOn": "2022-07-01",
      "datePrecision": "month",
      "supports": "Raw material processing is highly concentrated. ... five major companies are responsible for three-quarters of global production capacity. ... Anode material production is even more highly concentrated ... four companies responsible for half of global production capacity.",
      "identity": {
        "legalName": "International Energy Agency",
        "jurisdiction": "INTL",
        "register": null,
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        "probedOn": "2026-11-04",
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    {
      "ref": "S10",
      "publisher": "RTE (Réseau de Transport d'Électricité)",
      "title": "Bilan électrique 2024, rapport complet",
      "url": "https://assets.rte-france.com/prod/public/2025-04/2025-04-09-bilan-electrique-2024-rapport-complet.pdf",
      "publishedOn": "2025-04-09",
      "datePrecision": "day",
      "supports": "une partie du parc est économiquement incitée à baisser sa production durant ces épisodes ... en 2024 à la hauteur d’environ 0,8 TWh de production perdue (selon l’estimation de RTE).",
      "identity": {
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        "probedOn": "2026-11-04",
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  "figures": [],
  "boundaries": [
    "Ce manifeste recense les preuves structurées détenues pour cet article. Il n'affirme pas que chaque phrase porte une citation.",
    "L'accessibilité est le verdict de notre dernier contrôle automatisé de chaque lien. Lorsqu'aucun contrôle n'a établi de verdict, le manifeste le déclare au lieu de supposer que le document est en ligne.",
    "Les corrections se limitent aux changements déposés après publication par la rédaction. Les changements antérieurs à ce registre ne sont pas couverts.",
    "Aucune personne n'est nommée. Qui a édité, relu ou contrôlé une source est consigné en interne et ne fait pas partie de cet export.",
    "L'empreinte porte sur les preuves, non sur la date d'export. Deux exports de preuves inchangées portent la même empreinte."
  ]
}